Here Early, just returned from his raid to Washington, attacked a pursuing force under Crook and drove it back, July 24, 1864.
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The main body of Stonewall Jackson's army halted here to rest in the early morning of May 25, 1862
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General David Hunter ordered the burning of this town on May 30, 1864; but Major Joseph Streans of the First New York Cavalry prevented it. Error: Note that the text of the marker is incorrect, and should read: General David Hunter ordered the burning of this town on May 30, 1864; but Major Joseph Stearns of the First New York Cavalry prevented it.
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Springdale, home of Colonel John Hite, son of Joist Hite, leader of the first settlers in this section, was built in 1753. Just to the south are the ruins of Hite's Fort, built about 1734.
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This knoll marks the position of the Union Army when Sheridan rejoined it at 10:30 A.M., October 19, 1864, in the battle of Cedar Creek. His arrival, with Wright's efforts, checked the Union retreat.
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Near this point General Early, on the morning of October 19, 1864, stopped his advance, and from this position he was driven by Sheridan in the afternoon.
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Here Stonewall Jackson, on May 24, 1862, attacked Banks, retreating from Strasburg, and forced him to divide his army.
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On the highest mountain top to the southeast is the grave of an unknown soldier. The mountain top was used as a signal station by both armies, 1861-1865.
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Near here, the Confederate General Stephen D. Ramseur was attacked by General William W. Averell and pushed back toward Winchester, July 20, 1864.
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The fort on the hilltop to the southwest, known as Star Fort, was taken by Colonel Schoonmaker of Sheridan's army in the battle of September 19, 1864.
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One mile west is the Old Stone Fort, built about 1755. The northern end is loopholed for defense against Indians.
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ne mile east is the site of the Hackwood Estate House, built in 1777 by General John Smith. Documents reveal that the Hackwood House caught fire during the Third Battle of Winchester. Union troops used buildings on the site for a hospital, September 19, 1864.
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Just to the east, a redoubt known as Fort Collier was built by Joseph E. Johnston in 1861. Early's left rested here during the Third Battle of Winchester, September 19, 1864.
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In early Oct. 1864, portions of Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's army bivouacked here on the hills and rolling farmland just north of Cedar Creek along the Valley Turnpike (present-day U.S. Rte. 11). Just before daybreak on 19 Oct., Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early's infantry divisions surprised and attacked the Federals, routing two of Sheridan's three infantry corps. Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright, commanding in Sheridan's absence, organized a retreat north. Sheridan arrived on the battlefield from Winchester by midmorning and rode along the front to rally his men. By late afternoon the Federals had counterattacked Early's left front and crushed the Confederate troops, who fled south.
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On June 14, 1863, Jubal A. Early moved west from this point to attack Federal fortifications west of Winchester.
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This road, along which many of his skirmishes took place, is named for Colonel John Singleton Mosby, commander of the 43rd Battalion of Confederate Partisan Rangers. Their activities in this area helped keep the Confederate cause alive in Northern Virginia toward the end of the Civil War.
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This house, built in 1858, was the childhood home of novelist Willa Cather from 1874 to 1883, when she moved with her family to Nebraska. It was the setting of the final chapters of her novel SAPPHIRA AND THE SLAVE GIRL. Willa Cather was born December 7, 1873, one mile south in the community of Gore then known as Back Creek Valley.
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Here Jubal A. Early, detached to attack the rear of Milroy, holding Winchester, crossed this road and moved eastward in the afternoon of June 15, 1863.
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On a hill, approximately one-half mile to the west, Philip H. Sheridan established his final position on September 19, 1864. General Jubal A. Early held the ground one-half mile further to the west. At 4 P.M., Sheridan advanced with massed cavalry and infantry and broke Early's line.
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The fort on the hilltop to the north is one of a chain of defenses commanding the crossings of the Opequon. It was constructed by Milroy in 1863.
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Here Confederate forces under General Jubal A. Early, facing east, received the attack of Sheridan's army at noon on September 19, 1864. Early repulsed the attack and countercharged, breaking the Union line. Only prompt action by General Emory Upton in changing front saved the Union forces from disaster. At 3 P.M. Sheridan made a second attack, driving Early back to Winchester.
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Jost Hite and Winchester Q-4-b German emigrant Jost Hite and about 16 other German and Scots-Irish families from Pennsylvania came to this region in 1732, creating one of the early permanent European settlements. They settled along the Opequon Creek watershed southwest of the present-day city of Winchester. Soon after their arrival, a number of other communities developed regionally, including Fredericktown, present-day Winchester. Winchester was chartered as a town in 1752. It began as a small farming community that developed into a thriving town and important trading center at the junction of several transportation arteries.
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Area 435 Square Miles Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester, 1862-1864. (Reverse) Clark County Z-121 Area 171 Square Miles Formed in 1836 from Frederick and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary hero, lived in this county
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Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester, 1862-64. (Reverse) Clark County Z-122 Formed in 1836 from Frederick, and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the Northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary hero lived in this county.
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Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester, 1862-64. (Reverse) Shenandoah County Z-179 Formed in 1772 from Frederick, and first named Dunmore for Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia 1771-75. In 1778 the county was renamed for the Shenandoah River.
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West Virginia was long a part of Virginia. Morgan Morgan began the settlement of the region in 1727. A great battle with the Indians took place at Point Pleasant, 1774. West Virginia became a separate state of the Union in 1863.
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Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester, 1862-1864.
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